the modern Germany in 1913
No. 003 - THE WENDES AND THE SPREEWALD

from the travel notes of Jules Huret, journalist from the Figaro (1911/1913)

In Prussia, to 90km to the southeast of Berlin, the Lusace is a region of the ex-East Germany today still inhabited by a Slave minority the Sorabes (Sorben), also named Wendes at the beginning of the century. Under Hitler's, no one wanted to pretend being Sorabe nor... Slave. The main city is Lübbenau 16.000 inhabitants, situated close to Cottbus. Sorabe people currently estimated at about 50 to 60.000 inhabs., has its own language, a radio, a theater at Bautzen and a chair of ' sorabisme' at the Leipzig University. At the heart of Prussia in the Ier Reich era, the Lusace is now situated near the Polish border. The old swampy forest has been dried but it remains there a natural channel network that one visits in flat boats conducts by boatmen who wish the welcome by " Wutrobnje Witajce ...herzlich Willkommen ". The boat pilots company has been created in 1908.
This area of the ex-DDR was also the big region of open sky mining where took out the lignite burnt in the big powerhouses of the EAST GERMANY implanted in the region of Lübennau................. If you wish to visit this interesting country, click here to go to the Tourist-Buro of the Spreewald

The Wendes, a Slave tribe of the Marches of Brandenburg, were the fierce enemies of Germans. It is ten times, I believe, that they took, lost and took Berlin. Finally the Wendes, losers and reduced in slavery by the Teutonic knights, stayed during centuries aside from the conquering population which despised them. Today again, the German recognizes well the strong Wendish type, to his short head and square, to his redhead hair, chunky, to his rough speaking, who makes the background of the oriental population of Prussia. The Bavarian and inhabitants of the other provinces of the South claiming for them the pure Germanic blood, pretend, that East Prussia is not German, but Slave (the "Prussia" name comes in fact from "Borussia"). The name of Berlin (one pronounces Berline) has Slavic consonance, and not the Germanic consonance, as besides Ruppin, Plozin, Custrin, etc., all Prussian cities. From there a disdain that spreads to everything Prussian indeed. The Slavic language was spoken once upto Magdebourg, what serves to justify the historic pride of Poles and at once, the contempt of the "Alt Deutsch" for these illegitimate children of the East. However it seems that some remnants of the Wende race live on to the East of Berlin with its costumes, its traditions and even its language. The place is called the Spreewald, the forest of the Spree. It is, hardly at two hours from Berlin, a swampy plain where the Spree, get lost in some large ways and in a natural infinity of channels. One comes there from the capital, not so much to interest him to costumes and picturesque habits, than for picnics, to enjoy the beautiful forests of willows and beeches where the Wendes, previously, found a shelter against the Germans invasions.

NOCTURNAL TRIP TO LÜBBENAU - It needs to two days to make the excursion. While leaving from Berlin one Saturday after noon, one arrives toward four O'clock and half to Lübbenau ( 90km to the southeast of Berlin, but we are in 1910). There, a boat pick you and drives you, through the labyrinth of channels, upto Burg, where it is necessary to attend on Sunday the procession of the Spreewald women coming out of the mass.
In this lacking of rural roads country, the long flat boat and the oar take the place of diligence, bicycle or car. Women handle the two-prong iron-shod perch with as much address and by force as men. Supplies are made by boat; the postman has his rowboat, that it pushes himself, and in winter - water being frozen - it shoes skates with long hooked tips, fit himself with a tall iron-shod stick, to stride quickly over the frozen alleys .
We followed the classic program while embarking us on a long flat rowboat of high mobile benches. The boatman standing to the rear, and we didn't see him. The absolute silence, made the solitude strange and nearly worrying.
A suffocating heat burdened the saturated damp atmosphere, and soon large drops of rain flattened on our benches. " It is the storm " said quietly the boatman . And he gave us thick covers of wool, with which we enveloped us under the tense umbrella. It was necessary to think of a retreat.
By a transverse way, the man drove us to the inn of the next village, a cottage of wood where tourists were already installed. A dozen of plaisant maids distributed with presence white beer and frothy milk. They were Wendes girls dressed in the traditional costume: ample and very short skirt, black velvet blouse opened on a low-necked shirt and without sleeves which let naked their thick red arms; starched white muslin headdress. They went and came, quick and laughing, what would be sufficient to betray their no Germanic origin. One feels them rougher, less sensitive, more harsh. Their brutality is the one that I noticed on the Prussians of the East,especially in Berlin, in all classes. Would the Bavarian be right; and the present ruler of Germany would only be Slave?
The storm continued. Travelers arrived, women with their underskirts folded back on the head. Threecountrywomen, covered of dish-cloths and combed of large black hats, embarked under beating rain. We decided to follow their example to arrive to Burg not too late in the night. Soon after, rain stopped.
Fell the twilight. Added to the silence, the darkness recreated the charm of the first hour. We entered in mysterious alleys of dull water edged of black trees. It was the proud forest of the Spree (Spreewald). The straight trunks rising in the sky seemed columns of a gigantic room. They sometimes tightened themselves in a narrow passageway. ...... One can imagine: during kilometers, the sky, constantly hidden up above by the enclosed ribs of willows on the two banks, visible only through the sides of this gloomy nave; the water more darker as the ceiling of leaves, and the silence........
....... Again we crossed a sleepy village; weak gleams sparkled from the tiny windows of thatched cottages of which the most seemed died. The echo of men voices reached us. They sang in chorus the Prussian national anthem.... We arrived to Burg, - it was eleven O'clock. We spent a very bad night in an awful inn.

THE SUNDAY TO BURG - The following day, at dawn, we waited for the boat which had to drive us to the church. We started under way immediately to arrive there before eight. What a sweetness....... The green water has wrinkles of light; trees are reflected in the water; while passing our boat troubles their reflection. Ghosts of the night are bushes with slender trunks whose branches tilt; birds go on from tree to tree, squawking, above of our heads; all is green, blue and golden. One takes himself smiling to the nature as to a friend face. In the fields, countrywomen in their ample sunday best skirts walked on very narrow trails close to the streams, climbed bridges made of light boards placed on four posts, that unite strands. Dresses of all colors were decorated of red, purple, green, yellow velvet or of a color ribbon. A velvet bodice, an apron of silk, the headdress with long antennas complete this sunday outfit. To the church, the Mass is read in German and in Wende, men and women separated. Women in bottom, tight on benches as red and white flowers, the united men in a mazzanine all around the church. All sing during the office. Women have some frightfully loud voices, that one cannot hear them without suffering. After the religious service and when peasants dispersed through trails, pursued by the amateur photographers, boats of tourists head toward the two or three occasional inns on strands. In the orchards surrounding them, it is the ordinary spectacle of the Berliner suburbs: families and groups get settled around small tables with white and red tablecloths; of fat men in color shirts sleeves spoilsthem with their hats decorated with small bunches of flowers. Thick fat forty or fifty years old mothers distribute to eat to old grandmothers and children nearly still to the bottle.
The serving Wendes, yet quick, don't know how to answer to clamors; women decide to help themselves and come back of the kitchen loaded of portions of goose and pork roasts; men, with furious calls of starved ogres and eyes out of the head, pursue girls, the fork and the knife to the hand, as if they wanted to eat them, but are pleased to confirm their expected orders. Parties of non-commissioned officers girthed in their blue tunics with new gold braids that have just asked - what a lout tone ! - for fish, begin passionately to eat strawberries they brought in paper. Girls in muslin dresses write post cards at the corner of the tables. All happens in the most merely maners. Sometook off one's shoes to be at ease, and walk in completely naked feet in the grass; one hung to the trees of the orchard rucksacks, belts, jackets and hats that embarrass. At the end the meal, a phonograph starts playing military marches and waltzes, and all those that finished to eat sketch a step of dance while humming.
Then one reembarks. The sky is ideally pure, a magnificent afternoon looks promising. I light a cigar and I promise myself to be optimistic until the end of the day. Here we are again lonely in the middle of the passing forest.
But soon - it is Sunday - we cross boats full of walkers coming from the of vicinities. Some, probably struck by the majesty of the silence, are quiet; others, coarser, sing some bacchic lieders. Other groups appear again. Here are some tight couples, boys with ingenuously delighted look, the indolent girls, the head leaning on their fiancé's shoulder. They hiss a tune from the "master singers". Groups of friends put some double cherries on their ears and greedily eat strawberries. Complete families, girls, youngsters in navy blue suit, young people with shaven mustache, mothers of a certain age; the red face after eating a good lunch, are crowned of plaited cornflowers and white and yellow waterlilies. They make pain to see. Here is a boat where are only girls in white toilet decorated of blue ribbons; they are eight all the same, and the picture is charming; they smile gracefully while passing. This vision harmonizes with the atmosphere of mystery, of poetry that surrounds us................ (Sorry but this text was hard to translate, michel)